The Use Of Animal Imagery In Othello Essay - 1040 Words

In William Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Othello† the use of animal imagery was evident throughout the telling of the story. Shakespeare explained several characters actions by comparing them to similarities in animals. The characters in â€Å"Othello† were often depicted as having animal-like characteristics. Some characters were even compared to animals by other characters in the play. By defining characters in terms of these characteristics one can get a clear description of what the character is doing or saying as compared to certain animals. In this paper I hope to give examples of animal imagery used in â€Å"Othello† that assist in explaining the play. The specific examples I present will describe a character either as seen by†¦show more content†¦His plan was to get Cassio drunk and have him mutter words of hate and disgust to Othello, a person who Cassio had great respect for, until he was drunk and then fed him lies told to him by Iago. Shakespeare’s animal imagery in this paragraph helps one to understand Cassio’s burden of having too many questions and not enough answers. In using the comparison of Hydra, the many headed monster, to Cassio explained how Cassio’s burden would be lifted if he only had more mouths to explain everything he had to say at one time. In Act Three Iago once again tries to manipulate another character in the play. This time he told Othello of an alleged affair that Cassio and Desdemona were having. The affair that Iago spoke of was a complete lie, for the two were nothing more than friends. Upon hearing of this alleged affair though, Othello went into a fit of rage yelling, â€Å"Arise, black vengeance, from hollow hell! Yield up, O love, thy crown and hearted throne To tyrannous hate! Swell, bosom, with thy fraught, for ‘tis of aspics’ tongues† (p. 149). Shakespeare was attempting to illustrate a man, who was torn between his good friend, someone who he respected, and his lover. Shakespeare portrayed a man going through an almost metamorphosis of emotions into this animal that he could not control. Othello yelled for this side of him to rise from hell, which had aspics’ tongues, a tongue from aShow MoreRelated Free Othello Essay: The Disintegration of Othello590 Words   |  3 PagesDisintegration of Othello nbsp; nbsp;nbsp; Shakespeares Othello is a play with unique characters. One such character is the one for which Shakespeare names his play. In the play, Othello disintegrates from a confident leader to a homicidal murderer. Linguistic changes throughout the play attest to this theory. nbsp; In the opening scenes, Shakespeare portrays Othello as a noble character. When Brabantio seeks vengeance (for stealing his daughter) on Othello, Othello expresses his actionsRead More Imagery in Othello Essay example1271 Words   |  6 PagesImagery in Othello  Ã‚         The vast array of natural imagery in Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello dazzles the audience’s minds. Let us survey in this essay the varieties of imagery referred to by the playwright.    The vulgar imagery of Othello’s ancient dominates the opening of the play. Francis Ferguson in â€Å"Two Worldviews Echo Each Other† describes the types of imagery used by the antagonist when he â€Å"slips his mask aside† while awakening Brabantio:    Iago is letting loose theRead MoreIago : The Rhetorician Conspirator1680 Words   |  7 PagesDavin Truong Professor Bains English Writing 301 11/13/14 Iago: The Rhetorician Conspirator In William Shakespeare’s Othello, the antagonist Iago is arguably the most heinous villain in all of literature. His ability to shape shift in and out of character is what makes him unique. His tactics are similar to that of a cold blooded chameleon. Iago’s art of persuasion, his mastery of rhetoric as well as his ability to sense his victims’ insecurities and weaknesses, is what makes him so diabolicallyRead MoreUse of Imagery in Othello1555 Words   |  7 Pagescreate pictures through his words. A great author can create the same imagery for centuries to come. The function of imagery in the mid-sixteenth century play Othello by William Shakespeare is to add characterization and eventually define meaning in the play. The antagonist Iago is defined through various images, some being the use of poison and sleeping aids, to show his true evil nature. Othello’s character is also shaped by imagery such as the black and white, animalistic, and horse images, whichRead MoreIago, By William Shakespeare1669 Words   |  7 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Othello, the antagonist Iago is arguably the most heinous villain in all of literature. His ability to shape shift in and out of character is what makes him unique. His tactics are similar to that of a cold blooded chameleon. Iago’s art of persuasion, his mastery of rhetoric as well as his ability to sense his victims’ insecurities and weaknesses, is what makes him so diabolically ruthless. Throughout the play, one can truly see the power of words and their delivery,Read MoreThe Character of Othello Essay609 Words   |  3 PagesCharacter of Othello As the play progresses, Othello’s character goes through many changes which happen as a result of him falling victim to Iago’s evil schemes. At first he is introduced as an army general who is respected for what he does but still discriminated against for being black. Othello is a victim to racism throughout the play. He is often referred to as â€Å"the Moor† even by his beloved Desdemona and is also called by more offensive terms. Iago uses animal imageryRead MoreTheme Of Black And White In Othello1072 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s tragic play Othello is a tale of power, love, and deception. However, racial prejudice is also a critical component in the play’s larger assertations, and the abundance of black and white imagery throughout it suggests that white is synonymous with good and that black is synonymous with evil. As such, this imagery is vital to the play’s overriding paradox, which is that Othello â€Å"is far more fair than black† (Shakespeare 1.3.285). To clarify, Shakespeare portrays Othello as inherently ‘good’Read MoreRacism : Elizabethan And Modern Societies1079 Words   |  5 Pagesinto the mind of the divergent. In result of these racial insecurities, the planting of uncertainty in the mind of Othello was simply facilitated. Through a racial lense, Shakespeare conveys the quintessence of racism through his vivid racial insecurity and the manner in which Iago and other characters speak about the different race of Othello. This is showcased by the vulnerability Othello presented when confronted with doubt. Connecting to modern society, many people still judge on race, creating aRead MoreEssay on Conflict in Othello877 Words   |  4 PagesOthello is a play which contains many conflicts between the characters. The main conflicts in ‘Othello’ are between friends and foes. Othello’s inner conflict, cultural and racial differences which lead to racial judgement and discrimination, to express these conflicts; Shakespeare uses many techniques such as soliloquies, dramatic irony, imagery foreshadowing and symbolism. Amongst the main characters there are many conflicts, however the main reason for most of the conflict if Iago and ShakespeareRead More Iago’s Use of Language and Villainous Behavior in Shakespeare’s Othello533 Words   |  3 PagesIago’s Use of Language and Villainous Behavior in Shakespeare’s Othello In Othello, Shakespeare forms the villainous character, Iago through his complex language. Iago shows his evil nature towards Roderigo through his use of demeaning animal imagery. Iago also uses an extended metaphor to try and trick the ignorant Roderigo and (unknowingly to Roderigo), insults him. Lastly, Iago uses repetition to beguile Roderigo to keep paying him. Iago’s slyness is clearly seen through his deceiving

Human Behavior Simulation For Complex Scenarios Involving...

Modeling and simulation as a body of knowledge provide a basis to build and execute approximations of a real world system. Being termed as an efficient decision support system, modeling and simulation is able to understand and provide better solutions to the problems in various domains. It is also capable to predict and plan the future, mitigate risks, enhance the system performance and so on. Primarily, this modeling and simulation has emerged beyond manual methods of construction and execution of models to computer based tools. Besides this, most of the ecological economics depend on the human behavior. The aim of this paper is to improve the human behavior simulation with the help of research ideas from psychology to influence various aspects of system design. The accurate simulation of human behavior is applicable in different areas such as films, architecture, gaming and so on. The human behavior models are strongly dependent on scenario evolution and decisions. This paper also focuses in developing a scenario and realistic case study to be applied in the human behavior simulation for complex scenarios involving coalition operations. To accomplish this purpose it the intelligent agents are used for initiating interactions among local population, groups, forces. The presented modeling approach considers the complex interactions among many variables and resulting effects of the decisions. The Modeling and Simulation is a consolidated technique for addressing complexShow MoreRelatedCompetency Mapping Retail Sector5647 Words   |  23 Pagesorganization * Assessing the current performance and future development needs of persons holding jobs and roles REASON TO CHOOSE THIS PARTICULAR TOPIC: Over the past 10 years, human resource and organizational development professionals have generated a lot of interest in the notion of competencies as a key element and measure of human performance. Competencies include the collection of success factors necessary for achieving important results in a specific job or work role in a particular organizationRead MoreMultiple Choice Questions for Leadership Management14468 Words   |  58 Pagesbest one. Careless reading is a common source of error in this type of exam. Remind students to notice when an item is worded negatively (e.g., Which of the following is not correct? or â€Å"which is least likely?†). Because many of the items are complex, it is important to allow students enough time to read them carefully. Allow at least one minute per item. The test bank is designed to have content validity (representative sampling of key points in the chapters). I tried to avoid common weaknessesRead MoreMultiple Choice Questions for Leadership Management14459 Words   |  58 Pagesbest one. Careless reading is a common source of error in this type of exam. Remind students to notice when an item is worded negatively (e.g., Which of the following is not correct? or â€Å"which is least likely?†). Because many of the items are complex, it is important to allow students enough time to read them carefully. Allow at least one minute per item. The test bank is designed to have content validity (representative sampling of key points in the chapters). I tried to avoid common weaknessesRead MoreGame Theory and Economic Analyst83847 Words   |  336 Pages 2 Rupture versus continuity in game theory: Nash versus Von Neumann and Morgenstern CHRISTIAN SCHMIDT PART II Theoretical content 3 Bluï ¬â‚¬ and reputation SYLVAIN SORIN 4 An appraisal of cooperative game theory HERVÉ MOULIN 5 The coalition concept in game theory SÉBASTIEN COCHINARD 6 Do Von Neumann and Morgenstern have heterodox followers? CHRISTIAN SCHMIDT  © 1995 Éditions Dalloz English edition: editorial matter and selection  © 2002 Christian Schmidt; individual chaptersRead MoreSustainable Solutions Paper wk 7 draft16370 Words   |  66 Pagesorganization is a critical step in the development and implementation of strategy, as well as the success of the organization. According to the Bnet.com (2010) dictionary, a stakeholder is â€Å"a person or organization with a vested interest in the successful operation of a company or organization. A stakeholder may be an employee, customer, supplier, partner, or even the local community within which an organization operates.† In regard to Dell, the company leadership has identified and valued the interests ofRead MoreCapstone Project15365 Words   |  62 Pages........................................................................................ 23 5. Program Design .............................................................................................................................. 25 6. Operations Research ...................................................................................................................... 28 7. Program Evaluation...........................................................................................Read MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 PagesVIEW Strategic Human Resource Management Taken from: Strategic Human Resource Management, Second Edition by Charles R. Greer Copyright  © 2001, 1995 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. A Pearson Education Company Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Compilation Copyright  © 2003 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved. This copyright covers material written expressly for this volume by the editor/s as well as the compilation itself. It does not cover the individual selections herein thatRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesThis page intentionally left blank International Management Culture, Strategy, and Behavior Eighth Edition Fred Luthans University of Nebraska–Lincoln Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreArticle: Performance Appraisal and Performance Management35812 Words   |  144 Pagesappraisal of employee’s performance is not sufficient. Employee’s contribution should be aligned with organizational objectives and strategy. Performance management eliminates the shortcomings of performance appraisal system to the some extent. Keywords: Human resource (HR), HR development, performance appraisal, performance management, performance evaluation. I. INTRODUCTION Organizations are run and steered by people. It is through people that goals are set and objectives are realized. The performance

Business management Functions

Question: Write an essay on Business Management. Answer: Business management is one the critical functions of an organization. Management is one of the areas, which determine the efficiency and productivity of the organization. It determines the future scope of growth and success of the organization. Business management is more critical and important for small sized business ventures and organization. They require critical insight into the various business activities and initial set up of the business organization. In such situations, the various elements of operational activities needs an in depth analysis and scrutiny from the management team (Bridge O'Neill, 2012).Thus, one can infer the importance and significance of business management in case of small sized business. The following essay and study focuses on the business performance of Philosophy-T. It provides critical evaluation and analysis of the business performance of Philosophy-T and undertakes to provide necessary recommendations to improve the business operations and strategies of the company. Discussion Philosophy-T is functioning under the Massey University. The company follows the practice of printing the inspirational and educational quotes on the t shirts and the targeted market is student, family and friends. It follows the policy of spreading educational knowledge. The business strategy of the company utilized the focus differentiation strategy and differentiates it product from other commercial projects. It is an educational project and undertakes to differentiate its product on the lines of inspirational and philosophical quotes imprinted on the T shirts (Scarborough, 2012). Certain people were needed for providing expertise in the field of financing, market research, inventory management, web designing, other designing and creative skills, planning and organizing, customer features, online market research and so on. These expertises were required by the business for conducting its operations and functions. The web design follows the format of a small sized retail shop. The foundations on which sites are made are a reformed version of Wordpress and the site name selected for the site is the philosophytshirts.com. The business venture was an amalgamation of the business concept matched with a learning purpose. The company could not use PayPal as the payment system under the rules of the university. Therefore, it was important for the company to formulate a good platform for setting up a concise and comprehensive platform. The philosophical quotes on the t-shirts have an educational story behind it and it was uploaded and mentioned on the websites. This lent a clarity regarding the central idea behind the venture. Sustainability is one of the primary focuses of the venture. It focuses on the development of sustainability in the branding strategy and the company stresses on the need of developing eco brands for highlighting the sustainability strategy of the company. The company has no visual image and has been extensively striving for developing a visual image and logo of the company. Thus, presently the company is functioning without any official logo or visual (Glackin, 2013) Students voted on different quotes that could be printed on t shirts. The most voted and famous quote was - be the change you want to see. Four designs were selected for the t-shirt. Two designs were selected with William Blaques quotes. A local t shirt was printer was approached for printing the quotes on the t-shirt. The local t-shirt printer reverted with a reply on the cost of t-shirt. The price of print per t-shirt was fixed at $4. The common t-shirt provided was Gildan, with the cost of t-shirt being $7.50. The other cost in the venture was the Film and screen set up. Philosophy T-shirt needed to evaluate the number of quotes that were required for screen set up and film. The cost of screen set up and film was fixed at $40. The initial price for print per screen has been estimated to be $40 per screen. It has viewed that the print man could fit 2 designs per screen. Therefore 3 screens were needed in the initial period. Therefore, the cost per screen was estimated to be $120. The cost for hosting a web site was estimated to be $ 356. The cost for each printed t-shirts was $11.50. The venture decided to produce 120 t-shirts. Therefore, the total cost for printed t-shirts were $1380. The total outlay cost of the venture was estimated to be $120+$1380+$356= 1856. Therefore, the company had to incur an initial cost of $1856 in the initial period for production (Winkel, 2013). The total production of the venture was 120 t-shirts while the total cost of the company was $1856. The fixed cost of the company was estimated to be $15.47. The company incurred no variable costs or other overhead. No overhead costs were incurred in telecommunication aspect or any other variable section. Therefore, the company incurred only fixed cost. This depicted the cost structure of the company (Carland et al. 2015). The company evaluated and assessed the fact that no variable or overhead existed for the company. This led the company in fixing and evaluating the selling price per unit. The company decided to follow a 100% mark up on the t-shirts since it was a normal practice for a retail business to do. It was estimated the selling price per t-shirt was $31. The company evaluated that since the turnover did not exceed $ 60,000; there would not be a situation of incurring Good and service tax. It was inferred that the selling price per t-shirt was fixed to be $ 30. Thus, in such circumstances, there was no scope of providing goods and services tax by the business venture. Posting and packing was a cost incurred by the company and since the venture included the posting and packing cost on each purchase, it was included in the initial cost outlay. The rationale behind this was the payment of packing and posting cost paid by the customers. Thus, it did not affect the profitability and turnover figure of the company. The breakeven analysis of the company depicted a few images. The company incurred only fixed cost and no variable cost. The company produced 120 t-shirts and fixed a selling price of $30 per unit. The total cost of the company was $1856. Therefore, the breakeven analysis was $1856/ 30= 61.87. This reflected the fact that company needed to sell 62 shirts to attain the breakeven point. This meant that the company needed to sell 62 shirts to overcome the initial outlay cost. The company was following a 100% mark up value on the t-shirts. Thus, whatever the venture sold after 62 t-shirts would be the profit of the company. Thus, the overall turnover for the venture was $3600. The profit of the venture was $1744 for the company. The business has relied on a static websites for the sales it has generated. Overall a total of 120 t-shirts have been prepared. 25 t-shirts have been sold and delivered. No sales have been observed and recorded in the last 14 days. Complaints have been received by the venture for the long period involved between order and delivery. The time period involved in a delivery on an average has been 14 days. Therefore, it can be seen that the company suffers from a loophole in this regard. The venture follows a policy of no return and no guarantee on the products (Glackin, 2013). This is another cause of complaints for the customers since they do not get any images and demand a wide array of choice of designs for the products. A web designer suggested that an application could be developed where the customers could use a drop down menu for choosing a design and image regarding the products. This could increase the satisfaction within the customers. The profit in the initial stage would be provided to the investor after which it will be provided to a charity chosen by the students. There is no other alternative for making money from the project. The business does not utilize any referral methods and the only method of creating awareness of the product was website and word of mouth (Winkel, 2013). The venture faces certain challenges. These were lack of key staff having technical expertise, no after customer service proved by the company, long time period involved in delivery, turnover of key staff, lack of sales, no effective IT solution, lack of marketing strategy using social plan and lack of choice for the customers. The venture had no brand recognition and faced stiff competition from other competitors in the same industry (Chaston, 2014). Some recommendations that could be provided to the venture would be an integration and adoption of e-commerce and social media. The use of e-commerce could hike up the sales of the venture and sales promotion could be actively used on social media sites. The delivery period needs to be reduced. This could be achieved by utilizing lean management process. Certain unnecessary procedures could be eliminated, which could fasten up the delivery process and also reduce the cost involved in delivery process. Thus, this would reduce the grounds of complaint and grievance from the customers and also increase the efficiency of the business. Retention of key staffs is an important aspect for the organization to ponder on. Staff could be retained by increasing the morale of the staff. The motivation aspect has to be stressed on by identifying the needs and wants of staff and satisfying those needs and wants. The remuneration of the staff could be hiked, which will play a vital role in the retent ion of the staff. The business needs to hire and utilize the expertise of member have key technical and financial knowledge. This would lend critical help in the evaluation and assessment of strategies. Better decision making tactics could be utilized by the companies in formulating better techniques and strategies regarding production and sales of the product. People possessing marketing knowledge could be utilized so that marketing of the products could be done better by the company. The business needs to stress on providing after sales service and follow the policies of return of products. Customer satisfaction should be the primary focus of the business. An application needs to be developed where customers can have a wide array of choice of designs for the t-shirts and a drop down menu could be used for implying the use of images of the t-shirt in better selection of products by the users. The business venture needs to realize the necessity of creating brand awareness and this c ould be utilized by employing extensive and impactful advertisement of the products, so that it leads to an increase of sales and also allows the product to survive competition in the market. Conclusion On concluding the report, it is seen that the venture is a learning proposal with philosophical quotes printed on the t-shirt. It can be observed that the venture is still in its nascent stage and is undergoing changes before establishing its hold in the market. The venture does not have any employees and does not incur any variable cost with no telecommunication services. The venture utilizes a static website for incurring the sales. The company only incurs fixed cost and there is no use of social media for sales purpose. The company suffers from stiff competition and enjoys no brand awareness. There is complaint from some customers regarding the time period involved in delivery of t-shirts. The company produces 120 t-shirts but there is no enough sales generated by the company. Therefore, it can be concluded that the company is still in its initial stage and needs to overcome the challenges and loopholes existing in the business and apply remedial measures to overcome it. Reference List Bridge, S., O'Neill, K. (2012).Understanding enterprise: Entrepreneurship and small business. Palgrave Macmillan. Carland, J. C., Carland, J. W., Stewart, W. H. (2015). Seeing what's not there: The enigma of entrepreneurship.Journal of Small Business Strategy,7(1), 1-20. Carraher, S. M., Paridon, T. J. (2015). Entrepreneurship journal rankings across the discipline.Journal of Small Business Strategy,19(2), 89-98. Chaston, I. (2014).Small business marketing. Palgrave Macmillan. Colombo, M. G., Laursen, K., Magnusson, M., Rossià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Lamastra, C. (2012). Introduction: small business and networked innovation: organizational and managerial challenges.Journal of Small Business Management,50(2), 181-190. Gaskill, L. R., Van Auken, H. E., Kim, H. S. (2015). Impact of operational planning on small business retail performance.Journal of Small Business Strategy,5(1), 21-36. Glackin, C. (2013). Entrepreneurship: Starting and Operating a Small Business, 3e. Glackin, C. (2013). Entrepreneurship: Starting and Operating a Small Business, 3e. Goss, D. (2015).Small Business and Society (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. LiPuma, J. A., Newbert, S. L., Doh, J. P. (2013). The effect of institutional quality on firm export performance in emerging economies: a contingency model of firm age and size.Small Business Economics,40(4), 817-841. Lohrke, F. T., Franklin, G. M., Kothari, V. B. (2015). Top management international orientation and small business exporting performance: The moderating roles of export market industry factors.Journal of Small Business Strategy,10(1), 13-24. Lohrke, F. T., Franklin, G. M., Kothari, V. B. (2015). Top management international orientation and small business exporting performance: The moderating roles of export market industry factors.Journal of Small Business Strategy,10(1), 13-24. Scarborough, N. M. (2012). Essentials of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management.Instructor. Winkel, D. (2013). The changing face of entrepreneurship education.Journal of Small Business Management,51(3), 313-314.

Understanding of the Functions and Aims of Tribunals

Question: Demonstration of a clear understanding of how a tribunal works in practice and how it achieves the purposes for which it was established. Explain the issues surrounding use of precedent by tribunals. Answer: Introduction In United Kingdom, Employment Tribunals (also referred to as the Tribunal') have the status of an independent judicial body which serves to resolve disputes arising between the employers and employees in connection with the rights of employment. These Tribunals hear the claims concerning matters of employment, for instance, matters concerning redundancy, wages, unfair dismissal, and discrimination. The procedures of the Employment Tribunals are not as formal as that of the courts. For instance, it is not necessary to wear a gown at an Employment Tribunal. Like courts, the proceedings of the Tribunal are open for public access, and the evidence is given on affirmation or under oath. Details about Proceedings at the Tribunal The Tribunals have their own rules of procedure. Evidence at the Tribunals is assessed on the basis of the balance of probabilities. The claimants or the respondents do not have to prove their case beyond reasonable doubt. At the hearings, the Tribunals interrogate the witnesses, who are questioned under oath rather than providing written statements. Questions are put to the witnesses in an informal manner. Cross- examination of the witnesses is also conducted by the other party. Generally, the decisions are delivered by the Tribunal at the conclusion of the proceedings, on the day of the hearing itself. However, at times, if the cases are complex, the decision is announced after a few days. The said copy of the decision is forwarded to both the parties. If any party is not satisfied with the decision, it may either prefer an appeal to an Employment Appeal Tribunal or it may require the Tribunal to review the decision. Appeals should be preferred, if any, within a period of six weeks from the date of the decision and must always be based on points of law (Cushway, 2010). The proceeding that I observed was regarding unfair dismissal of an employee. The claimant, Mrs. Hargreaves used to work as a riding instructor. Some horses were used for giving the riding lessons, and others were kept to be used by clients against payment of fees. On one occasion, Mr. Hargreaves asked her manager for a sit on permission for her niece. The manager agreed to it. Later it was discovered that the child was only four years old, and the minimum age for riding happened to be five. Disciplinary proceedings were initiated against Mrs. Hargreaves for this conduct. Many other charges were leveled against her in the proceedings, and she was dismissed. At the hearing, Mrs. Hargreaves accepted that she did not comply with the rules strictly and that she did not regard it to be a strict requirement for an informal sit on. The Tribunal decided that Mrs. Hargreaves did not intentionally lie about the age of the child, and she was just mistaken. Moreover, since she was unaware of the issue of insurance, she did not consider the age of the child to be significant. The Tribunal concluded that the company was at fault for having dismissed Mrs. Hargreaves and ordered for reinstatement of her services. Appeal Procedure of the Tribunal In case a party to an employment dispute is not satisfied with the decision of the Employment Tribunal, it may prefer an appeal to the Employment Appellate Tribunal. The grounds on which an appeal may be preferred before an Employment Appellate Tribunal (also referred to as the EAT) are as follows; Application of improper laws Incorrect procedures have been followed The decision has not been reasoned The decision reflects biased attitude on the part of the Tribunal The appeal must be filed within six weeks from the date on which the decision was communicated to the parties. To initiate an appeal against a decision of the Tribunal, a Notice of Appeal must be served on the Employment Appellate Tribunal. The following details must be stated in the Notice of Appeal; Information about the parties The points of law on the basis of which the appeal has been filed The order that the appellant expects the EAT to deliver Documents, such as the original claim and response, the decision, and reasons of the Tribunal Purpose of Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanism The reasons that weigh in favor of adoption of Alternative Dispute Resolution methods are as follows; These ADR mechanisms appear to be much cheaper as compared to court proceedings. Decisions are passed by the adjudicating authority of the ADRs quicker than the court. These mechanisms are non-adversarial. Mediation that is one of the ADR mechanisms tries to arrive at a mutually agreeable point rather than the court that makes one party a winner and the other a loser. ADR mechanisms are very flexible. The parties are free to decide on their own rules and also the laws that they want to abide by. Owing to the above-stated reasons, we may say that at present the ADR mechanisms have become very popular amongst the business entities. The Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (also referred to as the Acas) The Acas is a non-departmental public body of the Government of the United Kingdom. The aim of this body is to improve the working conditions of the organizations by way of promoting and facilitating tough industrial relations (Turner, 2013). This body achieves its objecting by various ADR methods like arbitration, mediation, and conciliation. The Acas is an impartial body that does not part ways with one side but renders decisions that appear to be acceptable to both parties concerned. The Acas intends to prevent problems from arising by way of telephone help lines and organizing training sessions (Parker, 2002). The Acas is considered to be a successful means of resolution of disputes owing to the following reasons; It improves the relations between employers and employees and prevents conflicts by way of providing Codes of Practice and also rendering guidance as regards, drafting of employment contracts or suggesting the employers ways to avoid disputes, etc. It provides training so as to enable the employers and employees to abide by its Code of Practice It provides conciliation services to the parties in dispute. Befoe a claim is filed with an Employment Tribunal, parties must notify the Acas. It tries to establish a mutually agreeable solution to the problems of the parties so that the potential time, costs and stress of undergoing the Tribunal system may be avoided. It also renders collective conciliation services to enable the employers and employees to reach mutually agreeable solutions to problems that affect groups of employees. It provides mediation services to enable the organizations for resolution of conflicts that arise amongst individuals within organizations. Conclusion We may conclude the aforesaid discussion by stating that the Employment Tribunals with the aid of the Acas has come a long way in resolving disputes arising between employers and employees with respect to rights of employment. References Cushway, B. (2010). The employer's handbook. London: Kogan Page. Cushway, B. (2014). The Employer's Handbook 2014-15. London: Kogan Page. Cushway, B. and Hallsworth, I. (2012). The employer's handbook 2012-13. London: Kogan Page. Mangan, D. (2013). Employment Tribunal Reforms to Boost the Economy. Industrial Law Journal, 42(4), pp.409-421. Martin, D. (2011). The A-Z of employment practice. London: Thorogood. Parker, G. (2002). Employment Appeals Tribunal. https://www.employmentappeals.gov.uk. Occupational Medicine, 52(3), pp.171-171. Phillips, J. (1978). Some Notes on the Employment Appeal Tribunal. Industrial Law Journal, 7(1), pp.137-142. Taylor, S. and Emir, A. (2009). Employment law. Oxford: New York. Turner, C. (2013). Unlocking Employment Law. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Urwin, P., Buscha, F. and Latreille, P. (2013). Representation in UK Employment Tribunals: Analysis of the 2003 and 2008 Survey of Employment Tribunal Applications (SETA). British Journal of Industrial Relations, 52(1), pp.158-184.

Are you hot Essays - Family, Home Economics, Human Development

"Are you hot? Are you cold? Are you wearing that? Where's your books and your lunch and your homework at? Grab your coat and your gloves and your scarf and hat. Don't forget; you got to feed the cat!" (1) Anita Renfroe wrote these catchy words for the song "Momisms", sung to the familiar tune of the William Tell Overture. Her words best describe a typical day of mayhem through the eyes of a mother. Mothers who stay at home know that at times, their lives can be discombobulating. Despite the chaos, stay-at-home mothers get the tremendous responsibility of only having one chance of raising their children in such a way that makes a difference in their children's lives and in society. Throughout history, society has looked upon the male as the breadwinner: the one expected to work and support the family. The mother has been viewed as the nurturer: the one to stay home and raise the children. During the 1960's, women wanted more rights, power, and the ability to get higher paying jobs. Women were given this right so they expressed this new found freedom by going to work outside of the home. As women sought employment, their children were left to the care of babysitters and day care workers. Because society has redefined the role of a mother to be one who is an important element in the workforce, the loss of the mother in the home has led to the decline of the family unit, and thus, to society. This forfeiture has created a generation for whom social morals and values are not as important as they once were. Perhaps this is due to a working mother being absent from the home where she is unable to personally instill these ethical standards in her children, thus leavin g her children to receive their value system from strangers. "Society truly does begin at home", asserts Sibyl Niemann, so, in order to return to a culture with better morals and values, the importance of the role of the stay at home mother should be restored. (2) In this way, stay at home mothers can improve society. It is disappointing when mothers are devalued for staying at home to raise their children. Richard Lowry states, "There is something valuable in a mother's caring for her own child." (4) In general, no one can take care of your child in the same way his or her mother would. A mother's care is usually superior to daycare since she naturally wants what is best for her child. "According to a non-partisan Public Agenda survey in 2000, roughly 80 percent of parents with children five and younger say a stay-at-home parent is best able to give children the "affection and attention they need."" (qtd. in Lowry 4) A mother's individual care can also curb the aggression that is evident in day care centers. "A study done by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), reports that, kids in non-maternal care tend to be associated with qualities such as "gets in lots of fights," "cruelty," "explosive behavior," "talking too much," "argues a lot," and "demands a lot of attention."" (qtd. in Lowry 1) Teachers who work in a preschool environment, like my daughter, are frustrated with how badly the children usually behave. Workers in day care are governed by strict rules which prevent disciplining children the way one can do at home. This causes a disregard and loss of respect for others because many children grow up thinking they can do what they want. Today, many of the younger generation act like they are owed something. In the workplace, it is shocking to see the way they treat others with their degrading manners and think there is nothing wrong with their behavior. They a lso tend to have lazy work ethics and "cop an attitude" when asked to do anything extra. This makes it difficult for many employers to find hard working and respectful employees. It is important to note that not all children in daycare grow up to be aggressive and unproductive adults. Even though many women in the work force find raising children to be a very difficult task which leaves them feeling lonely and bored, they do a

GMAT Essay Topics

GMAT Essay TopicsTaking the GMAT sample essay topics provided can help you master some of the concepts and words used in the exam. You will learn a lot of things about this test and what you are expected to do and say on the test. Following is a list of topics that you should write about:A good insight in the subject of essay topics will be able to reveal your writing style. Analyzing your own approach and focusing on what really matters in life will show how you can develop a response to GMAT question. You will also discover more about your own personality and writing skills.Sample essay topics are designed to teach students all they need to know about the GMAT exam. You will learn important concepts and words like the whole sequence, pattern and structure of each question. You will also be able to find out how to figure out an answer to a specific question. All these facts about the test will help you develop skills that will enable you to prepare for any question you may have to a nswer on the test.Your GMAT sample essay topics should give you the best way to study for the exam. These sample essays include questions where the essay writer has to communicate in a specific way. It will help you figure out the right way to answer the essay question.Most students who take the GMAT online will be able to use sample essay topics to improve their skills in this area. These sample essays will allow you to learn some of the best way to answer certain questions. You will be able to apply what you have learned to other questions.GMAT sample essay topics are designed to help you apply what you have learned from the essay. If you come across questions that appear to be too simple, it is because the sample question is not intended for easy answers. You will have to go back and work your way through each question.The best part about using sample essay topics is that you will be able to have several copies to work with. You can keep one in your own computer, one in your stud ent folder and a few others for your friends and family members. This will make the studying process easier and more productive.When you consider the different reasons to study for the GMAT, the importance of GMAT essay topics cannot be underestimated. You will be able to find out what you have to do and how to do it without having to get a tutor. This is how you will be able to prepare for the GMAT test.

Generalized Enterprise Reference Architecture Methodology

Generalized Enterprise Reference Architecture Methodology Enterprise Integration Methods It has been noted by some practitioners that over the last few years that there has been significant growth in the importance of enterprise integration. This fact is especially given the fact that many organizations are becoming increasingly reliant on information technology (IT) (Lam and Shankararaman 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Generalized Enterprise Reference Architecture Methodology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This position suggests a need to ensure both business processes and technology systems are coordinated in a strategic manner. The increased reliance on IT provides a competitive edge though in some cases businesses require some level of IT to function. In the past organizations the required IT applications developed these as standalone systems. Such systems were often developed to address specific functional domains such as sales, marketing, personnel, manufacturi ng and billing (Lam and Shankararaman 2). The result of this individual approach to systems design resulted in several hundreds or even thousands of separate IT applications. As business evolved there emerged a need to integrate these separate IT applications to be evolved to support additional business requirements (Lam and Shankararaman 2). For example, the need to automate the transfer of customer details from a sales system to a billing system. For this reason integration of IT applications was expensive and time consuming. This piecemeal integration approach led to organizations facing problems owing to a massive application with several custom interfaces. The maintenance of such systems was expensive and thus created the interest for enterprise integration (Lam and Shankararaman 2). Enterprise integration can be defined as strategic consideration of processes, methods, tools and technologies associate with the achievement of interoperability both within and external to the ent erprise with the goal of enabling collaborative business processes (Lam and Shankararaman 2). This integration is not only about technology but also considers business processes that cut across business applications. For this reason enterprise integration is business driven. Enterprise integration involves process, service, application, data and presentation integration. There are a number of approaches that have been suggested for enterprise integration including batch, point-to-point, broker-based and business-process integration (Lam and Shankararaman 13).Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More GERAM In response to the need for enterprise integration a variety of integration approaches have come in to existence. Among these is the Generalized Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology also known as GERAM. The basis of this approach is the creation of a general architecture inclu ding tools, methods and models required to develop and maintain the integrated enterprise (Bernus, Nemes and Schmidt 23). Such tools are supposed to be useful in integration a single enterprise or even a network of enterprises. The GERAM framework is thus considered a suitable solution for all types of enterprises. The general approach used in the framework suggests previously published architecture can maintain identity while identifying through GERAM (Bernus, Nemes and Schmidt 23). The GERAM framework is meant to unify methods from various disciplines such as management science, industrial engineering, etc., making them useful as a unit (Bernus, Nemes and Schmidt 23). The most noteworthy aspect of the GERAM model is the fact that it provides the ability to unite enterprise integration efforts. This is due to the fact that GERAM allows for integration of models based on products with those based on business processes (Bernus, Nemes and Schmidt 23). ZACHMAN EAF This approach was des igned by John Zachman in the 80’s and focuses on the architectural framework based on several functional components (Radaideh and Al-Ameed 48). This model is based on a two dimensional framework and suggests the problem of enterprise integration can be tackled by separation of concerns. The use of the two dimensional framework allows the decomposition of the problem into a number of distinct partitions. Once this decomposition has been achieved it becomes possible to address the finer issues in relation to a specific partition (Hesselbach and Herrmann 544). This framework was designed to describe any idea that difficult to understand. The model is widely used for enterprise architecture modeling and consists of a 6X6 matrix (Hesselbach and Herrmann 545). Through this framework it is possible to capture different aspects of a given sustainability standard. Each cell in the model contains a description of what information should be captured and how it should be expressed. For t his reason models in separate cells can exist independently though this does not infer they have no relationships.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Generalized Enterprise Reference Architecture Methodology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to its compartmentalized approach this framework is widely used for documentation and/or development of enterprise wide information system architecture (Wout, Waage, Iartman, Stahlecker, and Iofmann 162). The use of traditional practices used in architecture and engineering form the basis for this framework. As a result of such a background, the framework’s vertical axis adds many perspectives in relation to the overall architecture. On the other hand, the horizontal axis of the framework classifies artifacts related to the architecture. The framework targets the creation of wholesome independent artifacts which in turn contribute to the completion of the whole integratio n process (Wout et al., 162). FEAF This approach was originally developed to integrate the Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) with various to enable various Federal Organizations and their respective architectures (Saha 3). It was initially designed as a business based framework that would facilitate efforts to transform the U.S. Federal Government to one that is citizen based, results oriented and market based. This framework is supposed to provide an approach for identification, development and specification of architecture descriptions of high priority areas. The establishment of such a framework gives consideration to core components such as architecture drivers, strategic direction, and target architecture, among others (Saha 3). These components were found important to the development and maintenance of the FEA. The FEA target is the creation of a Meta architecture framework that will allow interoperability between independently developed, maintained and managed architectur es (Goikoetxea349). The framework defines expected principles that govern interoperability, conformance and migration that are used across the Federal government. It is believed that through this FEAF mandate the Federal government can promote sharing of information, encourages development of enterprise frameworks within FEAF guidelines and promotes efficiency (Goikoetxea349). This approach comes with a number of advantages such as economies of scale through sharing of services, improved consistency and ease in capture and dissemination of elements (Goikoetxea349). DODAF This approach also seeks to standardize the methods and processes modeling of large government based organizations. Just as FEAF serves the US Federal government, this approach targets the Department of Defense (Blokdijk 24). This framework seeks to integrate systems such as those concerned with weapons, information systems dealing with procurement and deployment, consolidation of various sub agencies, unification o f organizational goals and conducting global operations based on a single command system (Blokdijk 24).Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Given that such tasks are often large and complicated there is a need to have in place a defined systems framework to promote cohesion throughout the organization. The system is unique in that it offers a variety of architectural views that complement all major initiatives of the organization (Blokdijk 24). The architecture is designed to serve military operations as well as civilian operations. The framework provides a set of standards, specifications and technologies that strongly promote inter agency cooperation and seamless teamwork. The framework is based on the premise that any architecture can be described in three views namely, systems view, operational view and technical view (Goikoetxea 287). The operational view describes the participants and the information they may require to exchange. The systems view describes hardware and software requirements needed to complete the operations. The technical standards view lists the interface standards and other rules that the system must satisfy (Goikoetxea 288). The architecture is built on the philosophy that architectures should be built with their purpose in mind. In addition to that, architectures should facilitate and note impede communication between people. It is also based on the principle that architectures should be readable and allow integration of multiple architectures. Lastly it is believed that all architectures should comply with the framework sufficiently to enable the achievement of the first three principles (Goikoetxea 288). Based on these above principles architecture description according to DODAF is a six step process. The first step is to determine the use of the intended architecture. The second step is determination of the scope of the architecture. The third step is determination of characteristics to be captured. The fourth step is the determination of views and products to be constructed. The fifth step is construction of recommended products. The final step is the use of the arch itecture for the intended purpose (Goikoetxea 289). Conclusion In the course of this report several approaches to Enterprise Integration have been discussed. The main reason that Enterprise Integration has become a matter of concern has been traced to the increased reliance on Information Technology by many businesses around the world (Lam and Shankararaman 1). In light of this position it becomes apparent that there is a need to integrate these standalone systems to better facilitate information exchange. In the attempts to integrate enterprises some government agencies such as the US Federal Government and the Department of Defense have established frameworks to facilitate integration (Blokdijk 24). Whereas such frameworks have been established and can be used by both government agencies and civilians, they come with the disadvantage that they also suggest the creation of additional enterprise integration frameworks (Goikoetxea 289). This position is not very favorable given that the proliferation of frameworks appears to mimic the scenario that saw the proliferation of thousands of standalone systems. Given that proliferation of enterprise integration frameworks does not appear a suitable solution it appears there is a need for a generalized framework which can serve the needs of all users. For this reason it would appear that the development of GERAM is a suitable and lasting solution to the problem. The basis of this approach is the creation of a general architecture including tools, methods and models required to develop and maintain the integrated enterprise (Bernus, Nemes and Schmidt 23). Such tools are supposed to be useful in integration a single enterprise or even a network of enterprises. The GERAM framework is thus considered a suitable solution for all types of enterprises. Bernus, P., L. Nemes, and G. Schmidt. Handbook on Enterprise Architecture. Berlin: Springer, 2003. Print. Blokdijk, Gerard. Enterprise Architecture 100 Success Secrets â€⠀œ 100 Most asked Questions on Enterprise Architecture Definition, design, Framework, Governance and Integration. Brisbane: Emereo Pty Ltd., 2008. Print. Goikoetxea, Ambrose. Enterprise Architectures and Digital Administration: Planning, design and assessment. Danvers, MA: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Print. Hesselbach, J., and C. Herrmann. Glocalized solutions for Sustainability in Manufacturing. Berlin: Springer, 2011. Print. Lam, Wing Hong, and Venky Shankararaman. Enterprise architecture and integration: Methods, Implementation and Technology. Hershey: Information Science Reference, 2007. Print. Radaideh, M. A., and H. Al-Ameed. Architecture of Reliable Web Applications Software. Hershey: Idea Group Publishing, 2007. Print. Saha, Pallab. Handbook of Enterprise Systems Architecture in Practice. Hershey: Information Science Reference, 2007. Print. Wout, Jack, Maarten Waage, Herman Iartman, Max Stahlecker, and Aaldert Iofmann. The Integrated Network Architecture expla ined: Why, What, How. Berlin: Springer, 2011. Print. Appendix Appendix A: Zachman Framework (Hesselbach and Herrmann 545).