Vacco vs. Quill Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Vacco vs. Quill - Research Paper Example Vacco vs. Quill The United States Constitution allowed the states the democratic space to pass state laws that were for the benefit of the state citizens. The doctors felt that the law was interfering with the medical standards that allowed them to assist terminally ill patients to end their lives so as to relieve them the pain associated with the disease. The District Court upheld the state law since it was the state that was allowed to make laws that govern the state so long as they don’t contradict the United States Constitution. The Court of Appeal reversed the ruling on the basis that the prohibition led to violation of Fourteenth Amendment clause that called for Equal Protection. The case proceeded to the Supreme Court finally for further clarification. The New York state had passed a law in 1965 that barred physicians from assisting terminally patients end their life although it allowed patients to refuse treatment even if it is life saving to them. According to Enotes, the respondents Samuel C. Klagsbrun, Timothy E. Quill and Howard A. Grossman who were physicians in New York backed by three terminally ill patients who wanted to be allowed to terminate their lives. They presented their case in the United States District Court accusing the New York State Attorney, Dennis Vacco, of the state barring them from prescribing l ethal medicine to mentally stable but very ill patients who are under unendurable pain and desire to end their suffering through the doctor’s assistance to end their lives although the medical standards allow them. ... The court based its argument on the fact that the United states Constitution allowed the states normal democratic processes and that meant that New York had a legitimate right to protect vulnerable citizens and generally preserve life. The second circuit was reversed by the Court of Appeal; it determined that despite the general application of the ban on the assisted suicide, the New York state law did not exercise equality for not treating equally all the mentally competent people who are in their last stages of their sickness and are opting to end their suffering by prematurely terminating their lives (Tannsjo 90). Those in the their final stages of their illness and in the life support machines could direct the removal of those machines thus terminating their life in the process as opposed to those who are in a similar situation except the use of life support machines on them, who could not be allowed to order for the hastening of their life end through drug administration. The Co urt viewed the ending of one’s life through the withdrawal of the life support machines as similar to assisted suicide. The court was to determine whether the unequal treatment of the patients related in any way legitimately to the state interests, the conclusion of the court was that the New York statutes that prohibited a terminally ill patient with sound mind on the final stages from assisted suicide were not rationally in any way legitimately related to the state interests. The Court Of Appeal therefore reversed the District Court’s ruling. The State Attorney, Dennis Vacco, appealed in the Supreme Court and it gave a landmark ruling regarding the

Discuss the importance of nature in Hardys Essay Example for Free

Discuss the importance of nature in Hardys Essay Nature was extremely important in the Victorian era, after God and religion, Hardy shows the importance of nature throughout ‘Tess of the D’urbervilles’ by certain techniques of language and structure. Hardy uses nature to explain and portray aspects that happened within the Victorian society, and Tess’s life itself; there is always a underlying piece of information. ‘They followed the way till they reached the beginning of the ascent on the crest of which vehicle from Tantridge was to receive her’ this extract informs us, as readers on several things, not only about Tess but also about the society in the Victorian era. ‘They followed’ in this context Tess is shown to be moving on with her life, and as she is about to move social class, her family are seen as beneath her in this aspect behind her, within the eyes of society itself. The extract goes onto say ‘beginning of the ascent’ this could be interpreted two different ways, either as Tess was moving on with her life, she is experiencing the change from a girl to a woman, a she becomes more independent and leaves her parents behind. However, it could be viewed in society eyes, that Tess is climbing the ascent, from the lower class to the higher class as she goes to meet Alec. These two interpretations, portray both society and the development of Tess’s character, society could also support the change within Tess, as when a girl becomes to work, she is vied as a woman. Another word in this quote that shows a strong aspect of society and current government threats is the word ‘vehicle’ as this portrays the threat of England and the industrial revolution, as well as presenting the equipment available to the upper class, that isn’t available to the lower class; again nature shows the importance of most things. At the very end of the quote the words ‘receive her’ presents Tess’s move up the social hierarchy as easy, as the upper class was waiting on her arrival, perhaps hinting that Tess’s appealing appearance and character at first to a stronger, however this hypothesis contrasts to earlier in the book when Tess is described as ‘queer’. There is another quote that supports the importance of nature, ‘far away behind the first hills the cliff-like dwelling of Shaston broke the line of the ridge’ Here Hardy develops interestingly the split in society between the classes, he uses ‘cliff-like dwelling’ to describe the D’urberville’s highness in society, where as Tess is described to be ‘broke the line of the ridge’ portraying her breaking the line that society places firmly between the lower and upper class. ‘They were just beginning to descend†¦ Down, down, they sped, the wheels humming a top, the dog-cart rocking right and left, its axis acquiring a slightly oblique set’ Hardy informs us on several details throughout this short passage, ‘they sped’, portrays how fast Alec was moving within there relationship, showing nature been used to foreshadowing the future, and also maybe spiraling out of control. ‘the dog-cart rocking right and left’ this is presenting the sexual aspect to the novel and foreshadowing how there relationship will end, leading to the rape/seduction. This quote finally ends with ‘slightly oblique set’ this concludes nature showing the danger/caution towards Tantridge itself, and nature enhances this. In conclusion, Hardy successful uses nature to portray the underlying details of the novel, informing us on both the aspects of Tess’s character and mind set that has not yet appeared, as well as the society at the time, giving the reader a deeper view. However, all of the parts that nature shows, builds a conclusion that nature is very important in general, and especially within this novel as it explains a great deal of detail to the reader.

America’s Personal Values, Compared Essay -- Literary Analysis

America’s Personal Values Compared Great Indian authors have written grand epics that depict heroic characters performing virtuous deeds. Many of these epic tales feature fearsome and godly battles, while others highlight the soft side of human emotions. Despite seemingly unrealistic characters such as talking hawks and ten-headed monsters, and unlikely conflicts that feature bloody battles, many of these grand epics display many traditional values that Americans value in modern society. When construing three particular celebrated Indian epics (â€Å"the Mahabharata,† â€Å"the Bhagavad-Gita,† and â€Å"the Ramayana†), readers would easily glean the values and belief system that Ancient Indian society held in high esteem many thousands of years ago. Moreover, by comparing and contrasting respective ideals and principles, similarities between Ancient Indians and Americans would come to surface. The Mahabharata teaches the value of integrity through the story of a deal between a king and a hawk. At a nearby river performing a ritual sacrifice, a king comes across an injured dove trying to escape the clutches of a hawk. He makes a vow to protect the dove and says, â€Å"This bird has come to me for asylum. It is my duty to protect it,† (From the Mahabharata). The hawk rebuts and cites his need for food; consequently, the king cuts a deal and promises to exchange his own flesh to compensate the hawk’s loss: â€Å"You shall have my flesh and nothing less,† (From the Mahabharata). The gods reward him for his integrity and bestow upon him the gift of prosperity. Certainly, our modern society values integrity to a great extent, but the king in this story goes above ordinary ethics and endures pain to protect an innocent life. While most Americans might not s... ... integrity, duty, and honor. The mere prevalence of these regarded values in modern society indicates their utility and tenability. Even though modern Americans might not on a day-to-day basis physically sacrifice themselves, go to battle, or fight a ten headed monster, they share the same principles of integrity, duty and honor with heroes of Ancient Indian Literature toward their perspective towards life. Works Cited "From the Bhagavad-Gita." Prentice Hall Literature. Trans. Swami Prabhavananda and Christopher Isherwood. Upper Saddle: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004. 182-89. Print. "From the Mahabharata." Prentice Hall Literature. Trans. R. K. Narayan. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004. 174-81. Print. "From the Ramayana." Prentice Hall Literature. Trans. R. K. Narayan. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004. 190-98. Print.

Environmental Factors of Human Growth Essay

You often hear the word environment, but do you stop to think what it really means, what it contains, and how it affects you? The actual definition of environment is the circumstances, objects, or conditions by which one is surrounded (Merriam-Webster dictionary). Your environment greatly impacts the way you are as a human being. Each and every one of your life experiences are influenced by your environment. Your environment determines if or how your potential to develop is reached. Family, friends, home, school, etc. re all components of your environment. By reading further, you will witness these factors that affect your personal growth and development being explored and discussed. FAMILY When children are very young, and spend most of their time with their parents and/or other family members family is usually the major human influence in their life. This is also true about most children when they get older and grow into adulthood. Families provide a nurturing environment in which security, protection, satisfaction, and love are given. Physical needs for food and clothing are met. In this environment family members grow to maturity. In a proper family environment a child has positive surroundings, including positive people. when a child is cared for and loved he/she gets ample nutrition, clothing, shelter, rest, interaction/attention, etc. these things help the child grow physically and mentally. the child is surrounded by positivity, therefore the chances of the child maturing into a positive individual are very high. however if a child is raised in an improper family environment, most likely, the opposite will result. e/she will be deprived of the opportunity to fully develop, and has a higher risk of harboring negativity as they age. In the early years families need to meet a baby’s physical, emotional, and social needs because they are helpless on their own. Eventually, babies discover they are independent and can do things on their own. Family members can provide an environment that promotes the growth of independence and set tasks for children to do by themselves. Families can also help children learn how to fit into their surroundings. An environment with well defined limits helps young children learn to control their own behavior. A household with reasonable rules and regulations set by parents/guardians gives children a sense of how to be well behaved. The teen years are years of self discovery for teens as they start to depend less on their families. One way your family can encourage your growth as a teen is to allow opportunities to make personal decisions. Taking more responsibilities helps you develop the capability to make your own choices. An encouraging and supportive family environment can help you develop healthy relationships with others. This is because you get knowledge about the way relationships work from your family. It is very hard to develop relationships with any other person if a strong family relationship isn’t established. Family Structure: The way a family is structured affects the way a child is raised. For example, a child may only live with one parent, a step parent, their grandparents; there are many combinations of a family structure. Changes in family structure can often affect the family’s ability to provide a stimulating environment and can either be negative or positive. There may be more or less money, time/family members to listen, share, encourage, and guide each child. Siblings: Brothers and sisters can be a source of fun, conflict, or competition. They can also learn from each other. Siblings usually continue to interact with each other into adulthood, which can be beneficial to the both of them. Siblings learn to share and cooperate when they interact which, when learned young, instills these habits so that children can share and cooperate with others throughout life. CULTURAL HERITAGE Your family’s guidelines and beliefs are part of your heritage. The holidays, food, and religion your are accustomed to are part of your culture. Families pass on their customs and traditions to their children. Your culture and heritage usually help determine many decisions you make in your future. For example, most of the friends you make and keep will probably be of the same heritage and culture you come from. The places you go, like church, celebrations, festivities, etc. are determined by your cultural background. Multicultural influences can altar your relationships with family members as well as impact your values and expectations for your future family. Odds are, if or when you have children you will transfer those same beliefs and traditions that you are used to to them. SCHOOL A quality school environment provides a setting that encourages students to learn and grow. After school activities can provide chances for students to interact with others in clubs or sports. Class curriculum offers courses that stimulate students’ intellectual growth. Teachers in a quality school environment encourage students by helping them find areas in which they succeed. Teachers also help students find areas in which they need to improve. By doing so, they help students know what decisions to make regarding how to get the most efficient education for them and how they learn best, especially when they get to college. PEERS By interacting with your peers you can make judgements about how you look because you begin to compare your appearance to theirs; how important you are because you compare how much attention they get with how much you get, and how successful you are. The friends you choose now are likely the kind of friends you will make later in life. Your peers can also influence the plans you make for your future. Good friends usually like to stick together so you’ll often make similar choices about things like school, clothing, activities, mutual friends, etc. Sometimes your peers make choices that you feel are not right for you. This gives you a sense of things you’re comfortable with and things you’re uncomfortable with. COMMUNITY There are many different types of communities. Each one has its own influence on the people that live there. The community environment is influenced by resources available. Industries or business provide job opportunities for community members. A low crime rate and pleasant surroundings make residents feel secure and protected. And shopping facilities offer convenience. Also, factors like air quality and cleanliness in general affect the health of community members. Growing up in a community with many resources tends to make a good impression on those that reside there. When that is done, people stay in that community. This prevents constant moving and drifting, so the chance to remain established and comfortable is given. TECHNOLOGY Technology is used in our lives everyday. New technologies influence the items you buy, clothes you wear, and things like that. The biggest way new technology has impacted our society is the fact that it has resulted in a higher standard of living. For example, more goods are cheaper, labor-intense jobs are less popular, and health care has improved. Technology can be a negative thing too. Dependence on technology can cause people to judge their quality of life by material things and money, which can lead to the neglect of the growth of personal relationships. Technology can also cause people to take their intelligence for granted. Technological thinking patterns can cause people to think of quick fixes to real life issues that take thorough thinking. This doesn’t usually work out well. MEDIA Television, radio, movies, videos, newspapers, magazines, etc. are sources of entertainment and information that affect peoples lives. Media can influence people’s thoughts, viewpoints and decisions without them even being completely aware of the affect it has on them. For some members of society, the people on television are models for them to imitate. They also provide an image for developing friendships and relationships. These images are often false and unrealistic, which causes people to have superficial personalities and appearances. The effects of advertising include how yous spend your money, and choices you make about the items you purchase. Ads stimulate sales and goods of services from different companies so that they can make a profit and establish a good company name. Advertisers are well aware of what appeals to certain people because they do extensive research on these things. Being aware of how advertisements influence you in your daily life can help you make wiser choices.

Moral Issues in the United States Navy

The United States Navy is a branch of the United States armed forces. The USN has a goal of educating and preparing combat-ready naval forces. The United States Navy’s mission is to produce naval forces that are proficient and skilled in combat mission especially in winning wars and able to sustain freedom of the seas. In addition to this, most of the naval operations are under their responsibility. It traces its origins to the Continental Navy, and nowadays, there are over 335,000 personnel and operates 280 ships on active duty. The military professionals, including those in the navy are expected by the society to follow a higher moral standard. It is the mission and the image that people or the society sees upon these professionals. As such, there is a need for the strict implementation of professional ethics and moral codes. Generals or commanders always enforce their troops or subordinates to follow moral goodness. If moral failure occurs or when an officer was not able to follow direct orders given to him, they give reprimands and even punishments. The punishment can either be suspension, dismissal from service, demotion or being jailed in a military prison. Furthermore, because of these expectations and high moral standards, moral problems of the slightest case are treated immediately. Actions are done in order to correct whatever mistake was committed that may put a blemish on the name of the navy. In an article by Sara Corbett, which was published on March 18, 2007 at the New York Times, a female United States Navy faced melancholy and turmoil due to a simple moral problem that she committed. The United States Navy at that time had to depart or be deployed in Iraq for the war. Due to personal reasons, Suzanne Swift who was a 21-year-old, went AWOL or absence without official leave. She did not report on her duties for two days and stayed away hiding from the navy through the help of her friends. She continuously received messages and calls from her superiors and fellow soldiers during her AWOL but still, she did not report on her duties. By the month of April, after the departure of the ship where Suzanne Swift was supposed to board, she returned to her family’s home (Corbett, 2007). By the 11th of June, there were two local officers who visited her family’s home and found her painting her toenails. The local officers arrested Suzanne Swift and brought her to county jail. After two days, she was taken to Fort Lewis wherein she would be charged with being AWOL. Unable to continue her duties as a soldier, she was placed on a room in the barracks where she performed desk jobs. The military procedures when it comes to AWOL soldiers are really established that actions taken are promptly. Utilitarianism refers to the doctrine of ethics wherein the action considered or taken is in the form of consequentialism. In addition to this, the course of action that is taken is solely determined by its contribution to overall utility. In simple terms, it is for the â€Å"greatest good for the greatest number of people† (Mill, 1998). In the case of Suzanne Swift, the navy left without her because it is the right thing to do, for them not to delay their mission and contribute to the benefit of the many. On the other hand, it was not morally right for Swift to abandon her duties since she was merely thinking of herself and not the benefit of others. In the field, she could help her fellow soldiers and even aid in their cause, but she chose not to. Suzanne Swift has the right for a lawyer and the right to defend her stand, but if utilitarianism is considered as basis for judging her, then she would be instantly convicted guilty. Works Cited Corbett, Sara. â€Å"The Women's War.† The New York Times   (March 18, 2007). January 14, 2008 . Mill, John Stuary. Utilitarianism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.      

Completing an essay on religion

Completing an essay on religion What Is an Essay on Religion? It is impossible to find a person, who doesn’t like to discuss religion and all the aspects this controversial issue can arise. Religion has existed since the appearance of the humanity and it is more than intriguing to try to find out the origin of all the miracles around us. You can be assigned to write such a topic if you study such subjects as sociology, philosophy or religion itself. That is why you not only need to be interested in the topic but have additional knowledge on various subjects. An essay is usually a short paper, which reflects your views on the subject and gives the reader information on your thoughts, backed with credible facts and arguments. It is not a research paper, so you should try to avoid complex sentences, additional data and sources that are not trustworthy. In the modern world, essays on religion are quite a popular topic, as they can reveal your knowledge of the subject, ability to collect necessary information and use writing skills to remain objective, without hurting someone’s feelings. Writing an essay on religion is a pure art and requires a serious approach. However, it can become quite a challenging and interesting task if you devote your time and energy to it. So make yourself comfortable, follow our guidelines and your essay will surely be a success. The structure, every religion essay should have Every essay always starts with an introduction section and the one on religion is not an exception. To make it as informative as possible, provide engaging and interesting arguments to stir interest of the reader. You can also add background data to make this paragraph as informative as possible; Second part is the body paragraphs, where you reveal the whole topic and state your main arguments. The main advice here is to mark three to five ideas or issues inside the religion topic and write about them, starting with the weakest and finishing with the most powerful one. In such a way, you will keep the readers’ interest to the end of the paper and they will be even more intrigued; Â  The conclusion section is often considered one of the most important parts, as sometimes readers don’t want to go through the whole essay and simply go straight to the conclusions. That is why you need to collect energy and provide the main thoughts on the topic. It should make predictions and somehow influence the future of the subject, so that the reader might have something to think of. The conclusion paragraph is usually the same size, as the introductory one. Things to remember One of the best tips you may learn, when completing an essay is that you need to focus on one question or matter and try to cover it to the fullest. It is impossible to read an essay, which tries to unite multiple issues at the same time. Such approach may easily bore the reader and you will surely lose his interest. Always back your thoughts with credible sources and arguments, as your professor will never accept a paper that doesn’t have an academic background. In addition, stick to proper language usage, avoiding common mistakes. Proofreading and editing is a useful tool, so don’t neglect it. It may be useful to ask someone to read the paper and give a side-glance to make sure that your language is smooth and clear, and the topic itself is controversial but not offensive. Possible topics Buddhist influence on the ‘slow life’ concept; Gender issues in Christianity; Can atheism be called a religion?

Marketing Research for Decision Making Process

Marketing Research for Decision Making Process The marketing research links the marketer to the consumer through information. In order to facilitate decision making process, marketing research should aim at collecting adequate information concerning consumers because marketing forms the basis of a company’s strategy. The information may include the consumers medical condition, investments, income, phone calls, travel patterns e.t.c.Marketing research is necessary in new product execution, pricing , promotion as well as products distribution.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Research for Decision Making Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A firm basically survives by producing goods and services that meets the consumer needs in i.e. creating goods and services that the consumers are able and willing to buy. Thus ascertaining the demands of consumers before introducing a new product in the industry is necessary for the future viability of a fir m. The information that a firm may collect before launching a new product includes the information about the preference of the firms’ products as compared to those of competitors, the consumers average income, information as to whether the consumers are ready to appreciate the newly launched products, the spending culture of the consumers among others. It is essential for a firm to access data concerning the consumers so as to compare the sales of a product with another similar product or sales in a given area as compared to another area and then take the necessary marketing actions such as pricing the products in a way that is affordable for the consumers. This will enable the firm to add value to their products and also to come up with alternative products that matches with the needs of the consumers so as to maintain the existing customers as well as attracting others It is essential for a company to access as much information as possible from the consumers so as to be abl e to determine as to whether the firm is up to date with the latest innovations .Innovations nowadays is the key to the organizational growth and those organizations that are lagging behind the latest technology e.g. failure to use internet e.t.c.are finding it difficult to maintain their market share because the competitors are discovering new ideas and concepts each and every day. Therefore, the information that a firm could collect with regards to innovation includes the age of the consumers, information regarding the access to computers, phones e.t.c. so as to develop products that suits the needs of various needs. For instance, entertainment gadgets such as iPods are mainly used by the youth as compared to old people and therefore a firm that produces i Pods needs to target the youths mostly in its advertising. There is a need for a firm to conduct market research so as to take advantage of the dynamic market placeAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Le t's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marketing research information enables a firm to determine the attitude that the consumers have towards a certain product or its advertising. Consumers may be consuming a certain product due to lack of alternative and so they will tend to shy away from buying the same products once another product with different features is introduced into the market and so rendering the firm to loss a portion of its market niche. Another important reason as to why an organization needs to collect as much data as possible concerning consumers is to be able to know the trends in the market place and determine as to whether the firm will continue to offer the product at a given area or not. If customers reveal a high level of satisfaction, then the organization may continue to offer the products with the existing features and if a certain product does not satisfy the consumers, the firm may decide to diversify the product or abolish it all together and focus on those products that are readily available.